Russia takes the leading positions in the world oil market, and, appear, a priori our farmers should have no problems with fuel for a sowing campaign or a harvest season. Certain efforts are made for this purpose also by the government obliging the oil companies to sell fuel to peasants during a sowing campaign from 10% discounts. And still many farmers call a fuel question the most important headache. “Actually all not as write in newspapers, – Makar Gavrilov from the Don remote place, – not up to the end repaid last year’s loans as old sores tells, do not allow to rise to the utmost. It is very difficult to count on new loans. What bankers give, otherwise, as servitude you will not call. It is possible to borrow diesel fuel at businessmen on future harvest eve, but with discount of percent thirty, and even fifty. Here also men are ruined. There would be a cheap diesel fuel, many would survive”. Such situation pushes some handymen to look for an exit in biofuel, at least not to depend on falsities of national economy. In principle – the correct decision, Gavrilov considers: “itself grew up biomass, itself Bai, bankers and oil industry workers processed it into fuel, and a buzzing”.
Kaleidoscope of the facts.
Very few people know that else in 1900 Rudolf Diesel voiced idea to synthesize diesel fuel from peanut butter, and even realized this idea on a prototype. During World War II Germans from wood sawdust received “синтегаз” for diesel motors. And in Brazil attended to this problem at the highest level and even adopted the special program. In 2005 from 36,3 billion liters of world production of bioethanol (gasoline substitute) slightly less than a half fell to its share.
But it only – florets. The real boom is expected in sector of production of biological diesel fuel. According to the forecast of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the UN Organization for the food and agriculture, its volume in the next five years will double and will reach 24 billion liters.
In Russia situation a bit different. The national culture of drink – more precisely, its absence – forces the authorities to look at production of bioethanol skeptically. For example, the excise on alcohol in 25 rubles nullifies everything attempts of moonshiners of bioethanol. There is only one – production of diesel biofuel.
Brassica napus, рапсВ even more often speak the last years about colza Russian – about the plant which is unfairly forgotten. Peasants prefer to grow up wheat, a sunflower, buckwheat, is more rare – peas, beet, potatoes, and colza does not. However, agrotechnical addictions and economic feasibility – a question almost intimate, and everyone grows up what considers it necessary. But from the point of view of production of the biodiesel, colza in Russia is almost ideal plant, at least because its seeds contain about 50% of fat, so fuel, necessary for synthesis.
It can be grown up on the lands given for green steam as colza promotes increase in productivity of cultures which follow it in a crop rotation. From hectare it is possible to collect up to three tons of rape seeds from which it is possible to receive diesel fuel ton, and to 30 tons of green material – for needs of animal husbandry.
“It is impossible to tell that colza – unpretentious culture, – Makar Gavrilov says, – to move away him troublesome, but it is a quite good melliferous herb. I will tell so that colza is very interesting to become that who wants to make of it diesel fuel. Both cows are fed, and the earth, it seems, under the ferry, and bees near, and fuel gratuitous”.
In the beginning it is necessary to try – the farmer Ivan Podoprigora from the Voronezh region considers. His nephew Andrey, the student chemist from Novocherkassk technical university, advised the uncle to receive diesel fuel from rape oil. “Business – not cunning, – Podoprigora tells about the first experience, – though demands skill”.
Further the farmer told about the first experience. Andrey brought a little caustic soda, asked two hundred grams of pure alcohol which advised to replace further with cheap methanol, and liter of rape oil. Andrey quickly measured 5 grams of soda that that did not gather water from the atmosphere. Then in a glass two-liter large bottle, with the screwing-up cover, poured alcohol and poured out in it soda. Carefully moved, and the received liquid, so-called метоксид, poured in the oil heated to 55 degrees. For this purpose the student used the three-liter glass cylinder which is densely closed by a cover with an opening for the blender. Mixed at low turns within 20 minutes, then hour maintained at 55 degrees, and defended days at a usual temperature. Below banks glycerin gathered, and yellowish liquid over it, appears, and there is a diesel fuel which needs to be filtered. Quality of such fuel depends, first of all, on purity of the caustic soda which very quickly absorbs water and qualities of a filtration. In the winter the received liquid can be taken out on the street. The temperature is lower, the glycerin becomes more dense, and the diesel fuel is purer.
“Frankly speaking, I doubted, – Ivan Podoprigora remembers, – brought to the familiar experts checking for quality gasoline and diesel fuel and asked to estimate a novelty. Guys told: “buzzing”.
Equipment for biofuel and costs of production.
The equipment for production of biofuel it is possible to make most of stainless steel, it is possible and to buy. As a matter of fact, it is necessary to manufacture two reported mixers: the first – for receiving a metoksid; the second, with heating, – for production of the biodiesel. Also will be required the unpretentious batcher for soda, measured capacity for methanol and filters. It is desirable to make the second mixer removable, or on the cart that later upholding to take out or roll out on the street, on a frost. Technology and schemes of production, also as well as calculation of the equipment, it is possible to find in the Internet or in special literature. In general experts give different proportions, but meet that receiving one thousand liters of diesel fuel will require ton of rape oil, hundred ten liters of methanol of brand “A” (GOST 2222-95) and ten kilograms of the caustic soda (State standard specification 24363-80). At the same time methanol in the market is on sale from 7 rubles for liter, and the caustic soda – about 80 rubles for kilogram. Total we receive that the raw materials for receiving ton of diesel fuel by such method cost 1600 rubles in the presence of the rape oil. For comparison, the diesel fuel ton at gas station will manage not less than in 23 thousand rubles. By the way, instead of methanol it is possible to use alcohol, also own production.
“Anyway – it is favorable, – Ivan Podoprigora considers, – and if at you it turns out, you can safely tell: “I to oil industry worker”.
Leave a Reply